Gender and Education for All THE LEAP TO EQUALITY

Acronyms ABLE: Adult Basic Learning and Education ACORD: Agency for Co-operation and Research in Development ADB (CERC): Asian Development Bank (Comparative Education Research Centre) AED: Academy for Educational Development AED-SARA: Academy for Educational Development – Support for Analysis and Research in Africa ANCEFA: African Network Campaign on Education for All BDP: Bureau of Development Policy (UNDP) BEDC: Basic Education Development Committee BEGIN: Basic Education for Growth Initiative BEPS: Basic Education and Policy Support BMZ: Ministry for Economic Co-operation and Development (Germany) BRAC: Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee BREDA: Bureau régional de l’UNESCO pour l’éducation en Afrique [UNESCO Regional Office for Education in Africa] CAMPE: Campaign for Popular Education (Bangladesh) CCHDM: College of Community Health Development and Management (Philippines) CCNGO: Collective Consultation of Non-Governmental Organizations CDN: Canadian dollar CDTN: Confédération démocratique des travailleurs du Niger [Niger Democratic Workers’ Confederation] CEDAW: Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women CENAFOD: Centre africain de formation pour le développement [African Centre for Development Training] CERI: Centre for Educational Research and Innovation (OECD) CIDA: Canadian International Development Agency COBET: Complementary Basic Education in Tanzania COFEG: Coordination des ONG féminines de Guinée [Federation of Guinean Women’s NGOs] COFINTEA: Conférence Internationale sur l’éducation des Adultes [International Conference on Adult Education] CONFEMEN: Conférence des Ministres de l’Education des Pays Ayant le Français en Partage [Conference of Ministers of Education of French-Speaking Countries] CPD: Centre for Policy Dialogue Task Force (Pakistan) CRC: Convention on the Rights of the Child CRS: Creditor Reporting System CSO: Civil society organization CSVR: Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation CSW: Commission on the Status of Women CUC: Comité de Unidad Campesina [Committee of Peasant Unity] (Guatemala) DAC: Development Aid Committee (OECD) DDRR: Disarmament, Demobilization, Rehabilitation and Reintegration programmes DeSeCo: Definition and Selection of Competencies DfES: Department for Education and Skills (UK) DFID: Department for International Development (UK) DHS: Demographic and health survey DWNRO: Disabled Women Network and Resources Organization E9: Nine high-population countries (Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan) EC: European Commission ECCD: Early childhood care and development ECCE: Early childhood care and education ECLA: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America ECLAC: United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean EDI: Education for All Development Index EFA: Education for All EP1: Education primaire 1 (Primary Education 1) EQO: Essential quality-oriented education ERD: Economics and Research Department ERP: Education for Rural People ESIP: Education Strategic Investment Plan ESSP: Education Sector Support Programme ESTEEM: Effective Schools through Enhanced Management FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization (UN) FAWE: Forum for African Women Educationalists FCND: Food Consumption and Nutrition Division FEG/FAWE: Forum des éducatrices de Guinée/ Forum for African Women Educationalists [Guinean Women Teachers’ Forum] FFE Food for Education FGM: Female genital mutilation FGRM: Funda Garantia de Renda Minima [Minimum Income Assurance Programme] FORCES: Forum for Childcare and Crèche Services FRESH: Focusing Resources on Effective School Health FTI: Fast-Track Initiative FUNDEF: Fund for Primary Education Development and Maintenance and Enhancement of the Teaching Profession G7: Group of seven countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, United Kingdom and United States) and representatives from the European Union who meet to discuss economic and foreign policies. G8: Group of eight countries (Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, United Kingdom and United States) and representatives from the European Union who meet to discuss economic and foreign policies GAC: Gender-appropriate curriculum GAD: Gender and Development GDP: Gross domestic product GEI: Gender-related EFA index GEM: Gender empowerment measure GER: Gross enrolment rate GIR: Gross intake rate GMC: Global Movement for Children GNP: Gross national product GOR: Government of Rajasthan GPI: Gender parity index GTZ: Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit [German Agency for Technical Cooperation] HDI: Human Development Index (UNDP) HIES: Household income and expenditure survey HIPC: Highly Indebted Poor Countries HIV/AIDS: Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome HPI: Human Poverty Index HSC: High-school certificate IALS: International Adult Literacy Study IATT: Inter-Agency Task Team IBE: International Bureau of Education (UNESCO) IBRD: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development ICCPR: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights ICDS: Integrated Child Development Service ICESCR: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights ICPD: International Conference on Population and Development ICRC: International Committee for the Red Cross ICT: Information and communication technologies IDA: International Development Association (World Bank) IDPs: Internally displaced persons IDRC: International Development Research Centre (Canada) IDS: Institute of Development Studies (UK) IEA: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement IFAD: International Fund for Agricultural Development IFPRI: International Food Policy Research Institute IIEP: International Institute for Educational Planning (UNESCO) IIZ/DVV: Institut für Internationale Zusammenarbeit des Deutschen Volkshochschul-Verbandes [Institute for International Cooperation of the German Adult Education Association] ILO: International Labour Organization ILO/CINTERFOR: Inter-American Research and Documentation Centre on Vocational Training (ILO) IMF: International Monetary Fund INEE: Inter-Agency Network on Education in Emergencies INEP: Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Educacionais [National Institute for Educational Studies and Research] (Brazil) INGO: International non-governmental organization IQEA: Improving the Quality of Education for All IRD: Institut de recherche pour le développement (ex-ORSTOM) [Research Institute for Development] (France) ISCED: International Standard Classification of Education IWGDD: International Working Group on Disability and Development IWGE: International Working Group on Education JHU/CCP: Johns Hopkins University Center for Communication Programmes (US) JICA: Japan International Cooperation Agency JOCAS: Jornadas Communitarias de Conversación sobre Afectividad y Sexualidad [Community Days of Conversation about Emotional and Sexual Life] (Chile) KAPE: Kampuchean Action for Primary Education LAC: Latin America and the Caribbean LAMP: Literacy Assessment and Monitoring Programme LR: Literacy rate LSGIs: Local self-government institutions LSMS: Living standard measurement surveys LTTE: Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (Sri Lanka) MARG: Multiple Action Research Group (India) MDGs: Millennium Development Goals MICS: Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MIE: Malawi Institute of Education MINEDAF: Conferences of the ministers of education of African member states, organized by UNESCO MLA: Monitoring Learning Achievement MOVA: Movimento de Alfabetização de Adultos [Adult Literacy Programme] (Brazil) MOVAP-SP: Movimento de Alfabetizaçao de Jovens e Adultos da Cidade de São Paulo [Literacy Movement for Young People and Adults in São Paulo] MYWO: Maendeleo Ya Wanawake Organization (Kenya) NAFRE: National Alliance on the Fundamental Right to Education NCEFA: National Council on Education For All NDPES: National Development Program for the Education Sector NEDCAP: Non-conventional Energy Development Corporation of Andhra Pradesh (India) NEPAD: New Partnership for Africa’s Development NER: Net enrolment ratio NFE-MIS: Non-Formal Education Management Information System NFHS: National family health surveys NFPE: Non-formal primary education NGIS: Nigerian Girls into Sciences NGO: Non-governmental organization NIACE: National Institute of Adult Continuing Education (UK) NIR: Net intake rate in primary education NORAD: Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation OA: Official aid OAU: Organization of African Unity ODA: Official development assistance OECD: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development OLS: Operation Lifeline (Sudan) (UNICEF) OREALC: Oficina Regional de Educación de la UNESCO para America Latina y el Caribe (UNESCO Regional Bureau for Education in Latin America and the Caribbean] ORSTOM: Organisme de recherche scientifique pour les territoires d’outre-mer [Overseas Territories’ Scientific Research Body], now Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) [Development Research Institute] (France) PAPs: Priority action programmes PASEC: Programme d’analyse des systèmes éducatifs des pays de la CONFEMEN [Programme for the Analysis of the Educational Systems of CONFEMEN Countries] PBO: Plan and Budget Organization (Iran) PCAR: Primary curriculum and assessment review PCDP: People’s Campaign for Decentralized Planning PCR: Primary completion rate PDDE: Programme décennal de développement de l’éducation [Ten-year Education Development Programme] PEDP: Primary Education Development Programme PETI: Programa de erradicação do trabalho infantile (Programme for the Eradication of Child Labour] (Brazil) PGRM: Programa de Garantia de Renda Minima [Minimum Wage Guarantee Programme] (Brazil) PIRLS: Progress in reading literacy study PISA: Programme for International Student Achievement PLA: Participatory learning and action PPAC: Philippines Plan of Action for Children PPCR: Proxy primary completion rate PPP: Purchasing Power Parity PRELAC: Proyecto Regional de Educación para America Latina y el Caribe [Regional Education Project for Latin America and the Caribbean] PRSP: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper PSA: Public service agreement PTAs: Parent-teacher associations PTSAs: Parent-teacher-student associations SACMEQ: Southern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality SADC: Southern African Development Community SADTU: South African Democratic Teachers’ Union SAGE: Strategies for advancing girls’ education SARA: Support for Analysis and Research in Africa SERNAM: Servicio Nacional de la Mujer [Ministry of Education and Women’s National Service] (Chile) SEWA: Self-Employed Women’s Association (India) SGBs: School governing bodies SIDA: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SIMCE: Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación [Educational Quality Measurement System] (Chile) SIMPOC: Statistical Information and Monitoring Programme on Child Labour SIPRI: Stockholm International Peace Research Institute SSC: Senior school certificate STI/AIDS: Sexually-transmitted infection/AIDS SWAs: Sector-wide approaches TDP: Telugu Desam Party (India) TGE: Transitional Government of Ethiopia TIMSS: Third International Mathematics and Science Study UEE: Universal elementary education UIS: UNESCO Institute for Statistics UN: United Nations UNAIDS: Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDESA: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. UNDP: United Nations Development Fund UNESCO: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNGEI: United Nations Girls Education Initiative UNHCR: United Nations High Commission for Refugees UNICEF: United Nations Children’s Fund UNICEF-TACRO: The Americas and Caribbean Regional Office of UNICEF UNIFEM: United Nations Development Fund for Women UNLD: United Nations Literacy Decade UNODC: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNRISD: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development UNWRA: United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East UPE: Universal primary education USAID: United States Agency for International Development WCEFA: World Conference on Education For All WEDO: Women’s Environment and Development Organization WEI: World Education Indicators WHO: World Health Organization WID: Women In Development WOM: (UN) Advancement of Women (UN division)